Research details negative impacts of Tozzi Green's carbon project in Madagascar

Research funded by the Finnish Ministry of Foreign Affairs and published in Suomen Antropologi in April 2026 details negative impacts of Tozzi Green's carbon plantation project on the Ihorombe plateau in Madagascar. The study, by Jenni Mölkänen and others, found that the project restricted zebu herders' livelihoods and that promised benefits like schools and hospitals were not delivered to all affected communities. Interviewees reported unclear consultation processes, with agreements signed in French, a language many elders did not understand. Some locals also alleged that the company, in cooperation with the state, used military presence to intimidate them into accepting the project. The Tozzi Green project, registered with Verra, began in November 2022 and is scheduled to run until November 2062.